THE FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

THE FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS - Research Paper ExampleBODY 1. The record of the national Budget process A. Changes made to the process Prior to 1921 Changes made to the process entail how the federal cypher process was prior to the three laws, which influence it today. To begin with, preceding the 1921 budget and Accounting perform, the federal budget process was at the discretion of the Congress. The Congress made decisions on how much it was willing to see as tax, expenditures to be incurred, and if there was need to borrow funds. This bill was taking for presidential accent each year. The enacted federal budget process could then be transferred to the Executive branch that was bestowed with the responsibility of its execution (Fischer, 1975). Budgetary, fiscal, and economic evolutionary changes necessitated the need for a more coordinated federal budget process. This saw the birth of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 that was aimed at coordinating monetary policies, controlli ng money supply, and centralizing the regulation of the banking system (Anderson, Davis & Gullo, 2003). Budget and Accounting Act 1921 The Act necessitated the need for the President to tender a particular consolidated budget each year for consideration by the Congress in bid to maturation a synchronized federal budget process. This Act also brought into implementation the Bureau of the Budget that was aimed at making the presidents means of generating a tender more efficient. Consequently, this Act brought to existence the General Accounting Office the aided in accountability checks of the Congress. In addition, this Act provided regulations that inhibited agencies from proposing for supplementary appropriations (Anderson, Davis & Gullo,... The paper tells that the federal budget process has four main functions responsible for the development of the macro fiscal policy attained through the determination of the proportion of the federal surplus or deficit. Secondly, the federal bud get process plays a bureau in setting priorities across the competing programs and projects requiring the allocation of the limited resources. Thirdly, the federal budget process plays a role in promoting the accountability of agencies responsible for the implementation of fiscal goals contained in the budget. Finally, the federal budget process has a function in promoting consideration of the impacts made by decisions accrued today as pertains to the budget, and economies of the prospect. Federal budget process has evolved with time to accommodate the challenging economic situations. On relevance is the social security benefit, which has attributed to the increment in government deficit. This is since the federal government ends up incurring more expenses financing the elderly and compensating retired workers who are not bringing any in father to the nation. The Congress has come up with alternatives to the social security benefit like the Individualized Retirement Account and Un iversal Pensions. Deficits in the federal budget process can be corrected by cutting on the expenditure and increasing the GDP every fiscal year. The federal budget process in bid to jounce itself has also implemented the budget cuts where there is less money in circulation affecting the individual expenditure.

Struggle for Womens Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Struggle for Wo manpowers Vote - Essay ExampleP. 15, John Smart (2001). twentieth Century British Drama, Cambridge University Press,UK.The other side of that era had come to be known as the Great Depression in the US. This was brought on by the environ Street crash of 1929 which swept the worlds financial markets. P. 17 As economic thoughtfulnesss deteriorated, coalmine owners reduced miners wages to trigger a massive flush of coal miners. In England, the Labour Party itself and the Trade Union Congress joined 4 million workers in supporting the widespread protest of miners. crave marches were later held in London and elsewhere.While the world economy went into a tailspin, a crisis of ideology came along with it. Many begun to doubt the capability of capitalism, already found difficult to defend morally as it were, to deliver jobs and prosperity. Many thinkers saw in the crisis the fulfillment of Marxs ideas that capitalism was doomed. They began to look at communism as one that offered a fairer and more efficient system.Against this backdrop of unfilled needs and prevailing mood for protest, women picked up the fight for suffrage with greater determination and, afterward a long and hard struggle, won it. The developing sense of womens rights and their roles in society is a major theme of the 20th century Smart,p.8 The protest suit began and ended in Britain such that the coining of the termsuffragette was attributed to Londons Daily Mail. Ruth Rasnic (2006) The 20th Century - The Century That Made an Impact, Jewish Women International, Vol. 1, Issue 5. It was coined in a gibelike vein, which reflected the general attitude towards the movement. Why - Reasons for the protest As far back as the Edwardian era in the 19th century British women had rebelled against their condition as the largest underclass of that time. P.7, Smart. The more educated women became, the sharper their awareness grew on the discrimination they had suffered in a male-dominated worl d. This was among the topics taken up by the Blue Stocking ladies in England, who had counterparts in the US, France and other countries in Europe, as they gathered regularly for tea and literary, intellectual or entertainment discussions. Ruth Rasnic (2006) believes schooled women actually begun to vocalize their concern all over their stifled rights during that era. Calmly at first, they started calling attention to the fact that for so long, women had been relegated to an inferior position in all cultures, societies and religions. By tradition, the man was lord and cut across for women to love, honor and obey. Women are given away in marriage, sold on dowry like cattle. Only the husband can divorce his wife and neer the other way around. In some cultures, women cannot choose their spouses and female castration was a popular custom. In China, women were subjected to foot-binding as girls so that they would be controlled by men in their lifetime.3 ________________________3 In th is custom, the girls feet are bound in cement in childhood to make movement painful.Such discrimination against

Globalization and African Education Research Paper

Globalization and African Education - Research Paper ExampleThe evaluation of the degree of globalization forms the discussion content to this essay. The basic aspects of argument include the changing existence development and settlement expansion. Globalization effects attract the knowledge base attention as a widely debated issue. This forms significance in the world affairs through spiking passionate critics and cohorts. This paper aims to survey the varying facets and complex matters indoors globalization. This context also presents the debates on the global economy with translated implications for the contemporary society.Globalization entails about five core primary economic aspects. The economic dimensions include employment, investments, abet, population migration and thoughts. The evaluation of the facts presents a direct connection to the alleviation of global poverty. Globalization also relates to cultural influence and political impacts. The cultural view depicts the developing snatch between amalgamation and separation. This forms the basis of international relations with relevance to population growth and impact. Economic globalization affects the environment within the population establishment scale. This emerges from come up concentration of the atmospheric pollutants. Higher levels of these pollutants damage ozone layers. The resultant effects result in inconsistent climatic changes and global warming. The developing trade issue smudge to the changing trends in global status. Recent years depict a change in the gaps between rich countries and poor nations. This assessment builds ground from the valet de chambre progression index. The increasing range in longevity and expansion translate to a gap between capital incomes.

Reflectiv Writing - The Impact of the Voice of Judgment as a Barrier Assignment

Reflectiv Writing - The Impact of the Voice of Judgment as a Barrier to Moving Through the U - Assignment ExampleAs leaders run for from the downward side of the U, they are connected to a world which is outside their institutional bubbles. The movement up the other side of the U brings off a new experience to the world. In this journey, the bottom section bears a gate which requires a person to drop anything that is not essentially to leadership and their duties as leaders. This is a process of letting go of iodins ego and self and letting come the new future possibilities.The journey is however not an easy one as it experiences a big money of barriers. One of the common barriers is the voice of judgment. Journeying through the U requires seven leadership capacities with the second one being observation. This leadership capacity calls for an open mind. To be able to achieve this, the leader must suspend his voice of judgment. It is only through it that an individual and a leader will be able to move from projection to true observation. According to Kidder (2005), various leadership failures are as a result of the contend between letting go and holding on. It, therefore, requires one to confront his or herself with very difficult yet purposeful choice of having an open mind. It takes a lot of courage for this to happen.When the line has been crossed, an individual enter into the sense of their true nature and are able to heed to the call of leadership. They then undergo the death/ transition and start a journey into restructuring of their egos to emerge as freer leaders (Bennis, Goleman, & OToole, 2008). This is a journey and a process that not only make them emotional but also creative and innovative. When the gate is crossed and the voice suspended the individuals inner flame for creative change and ability to move forward is boosted.Bennis, Goleman & OToole (2008) state that majority of the leaders do not recognize the potential of what they are faced with because they excessively dwell on the ult trend that they are used to. Working as a work shop

Tourism analysis (South Korea) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism analysis (South Korea) - Essay ExampleSome of the epochal tourist attractions in Seoul areMuseums such as the National Museum of Korea, the National Folk Museum of Korea, the Seoul Museum of Art (located in the old Korean supreme Court building behind the Deoksugung Palace), Seodaemun Museum of National History, Seoul Museum of Art (located within Deoksugung Palace), and Seodaemum Prison History hall (Choong-Ki, 110).Facilities Tourists visiting Seoul find hospitality and find and this characteristic of Seoul tourism has lead to the booming income from tourism in South Korea. Hotels such as Lotte Hotel Seoul, the Grand Hotel Myeongdong and so on, serve tourists a variety of meals according to their taste and monetary preference. In addition to the hotels, restaurants such as Gusto Taco also offer holiday rental bookings for the tourists. ecstasy International tourists enter the untaught from the Incheon International Airport, though other transnational airports like Gimp o, Jeju and Busan are also operational most of the times. In addition to airports, the country of South Korea is has an extensive and modern network of trains and buses that make trips to the various tourist destination sites quick (Airline Industry Information).According to the Travel statistics graph above, the number of international and domestic visitors has generally increased over the last ten years. According to the World Travel & Tourism statistics, travel and tourism contributed about KRW26.7 trillion to the gross domestic product of South Korea. This is in addition to the support of more than a million jobs in the country. This shows that the tourism industry in South Korea is increasing in cost of income and visitors every year. The increase in visitors coming from other countries comes from the subsequent reports of peace and enduring environments for the tourists.Tourism regulation and promotion for South Korea is under an organisation called the

HRM individual assignment performance management Essay

HRM individual assignment performance centering - Essay ExampleCorporate Services/Corporate Capability serve- provides solutions such as management of records, facilitation management, carry out the manoeuvre procedures and policies documentation, develops plans for purchasing and procurement.Human Resources service- handles the matters like fraud, grievances and misconduct handling, job designing and evaluating. They take into rate Performance management, provide psychometric assessment and sets remuneration benchmarking. It also includes providing a complete strategic human resource management and planning.Organisational Services- assist in reviewing the business process, changing the management and bringing the organisational change. Thus they provide a complete solution for business and strategic planning. This service also covers risk management.enlisting & Selection- the company maintains high standards for recruitment and selection process. They go for different screening technique such as personality test, intelligent quiescent, emotional quiescent, stress test, health test and checking the references. These entire tests are being done to check before hand that will the cultivate force be able to take the work load.Training- the employees who are selected has to be trained so that they can develop the need skill for performing their job. Training is a continuous process. It should be provided as and when required for development of employees.Setting rules and regulation- rules and regulation provide the frame work within which the whole organization has to work. The performance of employee is appraised by comparing against these standards. They make the organization work smoothly and efficiently. Performance appraisal- the performance of the employees has to be appraised. This helps the organization to identify the employees who are performing above bonny and also helps to identify those employees whose performances are below average level. The management can drill down to find out the reasons behind. If required training and further assistance can be arranged.Career development - management should set the career path and provide proper training as and when requiredGrievance handling- it is the duty of organization that employee should feel satisfied with their job. They should have the tactility that organization cares for them and if any injustice happens they can easily approach the management and their problem will be solved.Compensation- the management should take care that each employee should be paid as per his/her performance. The

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 - Essay ExampleThose followed up evidences which pertain to the illegal evidence argon also rejected. In some special nerves, there are some exceptions where a police can perplex a person or search a place without any warrant. In such cases, those convicted and the evidences obtained also come under the law.Police have leave to search and seize evidences if it is in a plain view. But the real problem happens in the case of vehicle theft. Searching a vehicle without a warrant is lawful because of the mobility. Fifth Amendment specifies that when a person is arrested, he or she must be given advice of his or her Miranda rights. It is a must because every accuse person has the right against self-incrimination. Still, there are exceptions in these cases too. The police can be held if they commit a wrong or misuse the law. In case of federal violations, the police may be able to defend himself. Civil liability leads to disastrous effect known as de-policing. This occurs when police fail to act with citizens due to the fear of liability lawsuit.American society has become rapidly diverse that diversity in policing fails to follow the same pace. Policing still remains to be a male dominant profession. Minorities are still finding tough to join the police force. Even if they join, they have to face with unequal treatment. Promotions, other compensations are usually restricted to these minorities. Black officers are still prevented from arresting a white accused.As a result, when the down(p) officers were evaluated, it was found out that a black officer does act harder on black people. This is to indicate that they were not biased. This double marginality as it is called is of less threat nowadays. Women in policing are also of no exception. The application of a female in policing was restricted to certain minimum. They did not go for a patrol till 1968. Later, studies illustrated that a female officer is capable of doing last in